“领域本体七步法”在中医辨证推理知识库构建中的应用＊

中医辨证知识间高度的关联性导致在中医辨证智能化研究中，探索构建的中医辨证模型临床实用性不高。故探索一种可使辨证知识形成高度关联性的表达方法成为现阶段的一大研究方向。“领域本体七步法”是将零散的知识结构化的一种方法，本体、语义网和知识图谱均可在七步法的指导下形成结构化的知识表达体系。故本研究以“领域本体七步法”为指导方法，设计中医辨证知识图谱，使中医辨证知识之间形成一种结构化的连接，以加强知识之间的关联性，以期进一步构建高辨证性的中医辨证推理知识库。     

翻转教学与案例分析在《内科护理学》高职教学中的结合应用

目的：探讨翻转教学在高职《内科护理学》中与案例分析相结合的教学方法。方法：(1)调查研究 选取我校2014级高职高专两个大班(228人)的学生为研究对象,通过自制的问卷调查,了解《内科护理学》教学改革的必要性与改革方向,实施翻转教学的可行性和效果评价。(2)实验研究：实验组1大班(120人),对照组2大班(108人)。实验组选取《内科护理学》中循环系统疾病护理章节,进行翻转教学与案例分析相结合的教学方法,,对照组在同一章节仍用传统的教学方法。结果：(1)实验研究 实验组理论测试循环系统疾病得分值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p <0.05)。(2)调查研究 实验组护生认为翻转课堂与案例分析相结合的教学方法能促进知识的内化、提高课程的学习效果,培养自主学习的能力,缩短了理论实践与临床的距离。     

Knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic use within consumers in Alkharj,Saudi Arabia

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) has made the problem of solving antibiotic resistance one of its priorities. The present study was designed to determine knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic use in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.

基于文献可视化软件的中药治疗糖尿病足知识图谱分析

目的:探索和发现中药治疗糖尿病足领域的热点话题和研究前沿。方法：检索中国知网已发表的中药治疗糖尿病足文献(日期:自建库至2019年6月3日),运用文献可视化软件(CiteSpaceⅤ)绘制中药治疗糖尿病足的知识图谱,进行文献关键词共现分析及聚类分析。结果:该关键词共现聚类网络由909个节点,1 241条边组成,被分成24个聚类。研究热点是:1)中西医结合疗法治疗糖尿病足;2)中药足浴。研究前沿是:1)穴位注射;2)活血化瘀清热解毒疗法。结论:中药治疗糖尿病足的未来之路是注重中医疗法的基础上进行中西医结合,且需更多高质量的证据支持。     

Community awareness and predictors of uptake of pertussis booster vaccine in South Australian adults

ObjectivePertussis is a highly virulent vaccine preventable disease that remains a global challenge. This study aimed to assess community knowledge of pertussis infection as well as awareness and uptake of adult pertussis booster vaccine.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted of randomly selected households in South Australia by Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews in 2011. Survey data were weighted to the age, gender and geographical area profile of the population.ResultsFrom 3124 randomly sampled contactable households, 1967 interviews were conducted (participation rate 63%) with individuals aged 18–93 years, including 608 parents of children aged <18 years. The majority of respondents (97%) had heard of pertussis (whooping cough) and 18% reported that a household member had previously contracted whooping cough infection. Most respondents considered whooping cough to be highly contagious (73%) and severe for infants (89%). Over half (51%) of those surveyed were aware that family members commonly transmit pertussis to infants. Despite high knowledge, pertussis vaccine uptake was low, with only 10% of respondents reporting pertussis vaccination in the previous five years. Whilst 61% of respondents were aware of the availability of an adult pertussis booster vaccine, only 8% (n = 154) reported their Family Physician had discussed it with them. If provided free, 77% agreed that they would be more likely to accept a booster pertussis vaccination. Independent predictors of recent pertussis vaccination included higher education, larger household size, perception of greater disease severity for infants and discussion with a Family Physician about pertussis vaccination.ConclusionsWhilst knowledge regarding transmission and severity of Bordetella pertussis was high, uptake of pertussis vaccination for adults is remarkably low amongst the South Australian community. Improved awareness regarding the availability of a booster pertussis vaccine through Family Physicians and/or provision of funded pertussis vaccination for adults has the potential to improve pertussis vaccine coverage.     

合肥市社区医务人员食源性疾病认知及临床诊断能力调查

目的 调查合肥市社区医务人员食源性疾病知信行及其临床诊断能力并分析相关因素,为疾病预防控制机构和街道社区卫生服务中心内部的培训工作提供理论依据。方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取41家街道社区卫生服务中心,选取929名医务人员进行问卷调查,采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归模型分析医务人员基本特征对食源性疾病认知及其临床诊断能力的影响。结果 社区医务人员知识、态度、行为和临床情景模拟诊断的得分分别是（8.38±2.92）、（7.18±1.64）、（9.51±3.41）、（5.49±2.54）分。多因素分析表明科室是食源性疾病知识及行为的影响因素（P< 0.05）,是否参加培训是态度及行为的影响因素（P< 0.05）。结论 合肥市社区医务人员对食源性疾病的认知和诊断水平有待加强,培训应区别不同科室有针对性开展。     

全科医生"零差率"药品应用情况及其对居民用药行为的影响分析

目的 探讨全科医生“零差率”药品应用情况及其对居民用药行为的影响。方法 整群抽样132名社区全科医生,给予自填式问卷调查,统计分析“零差率”药品相关知识掌握度及影响因素、“零差率”药品的主动性及因素以及“零差率”药品的可获得性情况。结果 所有132名全科医生“零差率”药品知识测评平均得分为(68.95±3.45)分,及格率为82.58%。“零差率”用药知识掌握程度与社区全科医生的性别、工作时间及专业具有相关性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。全科医生主动选择“零差率”药品的比率为91.67%,不主动选择“零差率”药品的比率为8.33%。日常诊疗时偶尔遇到常用药未包含在“零差率”药品范围内、经常遇到日常诊疗时遇到“零差率”药品断货情况、完全无法满足现有“零差率”药品对日常诊疗需要的满足程度及从“零差率”药品销售政策开始实施后,日常诊疗中可选择的药品种类无显著改变的比重最大。结论 社区全科医生对“零差率”药品相关知识的掌握度较高,在日常诊疗中“零差率”药品主动性使用的概率较高,对居民用药行为产生积极影响,但也应进一步解决实际使用问题,减轻药费而对患者造成的医疗负担。